[Kool]

Hi all,

I’m hoping to get some help the correct settings (physics world gravity, linear impulse on the ball) for a bouncing ball. I want to have a circle shape that bounces in the middle of the screen once every second and there is no ‘floor’ for the ball. My difficulty is that I’m unsure of the units of measurements for the PhysicsWorld gravity and the applyLinearImpulse() function for a collider body. This could be similar to the FlappyBird example, however the difference is that I have a measurement to follow (e.g. the ball must return to it’s starting position in exactly 1 second (or thereabouts), and bounce again). There’s also the constraint that it starts bouncing after the user has clicked a button. This is a simple example, however I’ve noted that setting the restitution(bounce)/friction for a body isn’t suitable to what I actually want to achieve, so I need to get this effect through gravity and applying a linear impulse.

Here’s an example:

import Felgo 3.0
import QtQuick 2.0

GameWindow {
    id: gameWindow
    activeScene: scene

    screenWidth: 960
    screenHeight: 640

    EntityManager {
        id: entityManager
        entityContainer: scene
    }

    Scene {
        id: scene

        width: 480
        height: 320

        Timer {
            id: timer
            interval: 1000; repeat: false; running: false
            onTriggered: ball.bounce()
        }

        Rectangle {
            id: background
            anchors.fill: parent
            color: "black"
        }

        StyledButton {
            id: startButtonn
            text: physicsWorld.running ? "Stop" : "Start"
            anchors {top: parent.top; right: parent.right}
            onClicked: physicsWorld.running = ! physicsWorld.running
        }

        EntityBase {
            id: ball
            height: 10
            width: 10
            x: parent.width / 2
            y: parent.height / 2
            anchors.centerIn: parent

            Rectangle {
                id: shape
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "white"
                radius: 10
            }

            CircleCollider {
                id: collider
                radius:  shape.radius
                bodyType: Body.Dynamic
                anchors.centerIn: parent
            }

            function bounce() {
                // reset linear velocity
                collider.body.linearVelocity = Qt.point(0,0);

                // create the impulse vector and apply it
                var localForwardVector = collider.body.toWorldVector(Qt.point(0, -50));
                collider.body.applyLinearImpulse(localForwardVector, collider.body.getWorldCenter());
            }
        }

        PhysicsWorld {
            id: physicsWorld
            gravity.y: 5
            running: false
            onRunningChanged: {
                if (running)
                    timer.restart()
                else
                    timer.stop();
            }
        }
    }
}

You can see the collider doing something, however the shape of the ball doesn’t move at all. Could someone please point out the what I might be missing here? Thanks a bunch!

 

• This topic was modified 7 years ago by  cplusplusistough@gmail.com.

[AlexFelgo Team]

Hi Kool,

you got a classic case of your QML positioning of your Entity working against the positioning derived from the physics system. The physics system will update the x and y position of the EntityBase every frame, but you are using

anchors.centerIn: parent

on the EntityBase, which creates a conflict, as QML will always try to keep the EntityBase centered in the screen and also update the x and y values accordingly.

Long story short, remove the anchors of the EntityBase and physics will work fine.

Regards,
Alex

[Kool]

Thanks Alex.

I’ve updated the code and set the timer to repeat (as well as bounce as soon as the physics is set to running):

 

import Felgo 3.0
import QtQuick 2.0

GameWindow {
    id: gameWindow
    activeScene: scene

    screenWidth: 960
    screenHeight: 640

    EntityManager {
        id: entityManager
        entityContainer: scene
    }

    Scene {
        id: scene

        width: 480
        height: 320

        Timer {
            id: timer
            interval: 1000; repeat: true; running: false
            onTriggered: ball.bounce()
        }

        Rectangle {
            id: background
            anchors.fill: parent
            color: "black"
        }

        StyledButton {
            id: startButtonn
            text: physicsWorld.running ? "Stop" : "Start"
            anchors {top: parent.top; right: parent.right}
            onClicked: physicsWorld.running = !physicsWorld.running
        }

        EntityBase {
            id: ball
            height: 10
            width: 10
            x: parent.width / 2
            y: parent.height / 2

            Rectangle {
                id: shape
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "white"
                radius: 10
            }

            CircleCollider {
                id: collider
                radius:  shape.radius
                bodyType: Body.Dynamic
                anchors.centerIn: parent
            }

            function bounce() {
                console.debug("Bouncing");

                // reset linear velocity
                collider.body.linearVelocity = Qt.point(0,0);

                // create the impulse vector and apply it
                var localForwardVector = collider.body.toWorldVector(Qt.point(0, -100));
                collider.body.applyLinearImpulse(localForwardVector, collider.body.getWorldCenter());
            }
        }

        PhysicsWorld {
            id: physicsWorld
            gravity.y: 5
            running: false
            onRunningChanged: {
                if (running)
                {
                    ball.bounce();
                    timer.restart();
                }
                else
                {
                    timer.stop();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

The ball does bounce however it will bounce upwards of the screen (I’m assuming that gravity is not as high as it needs to be). I need it to return to the same spot it started at.

Does anyone know the units of measurements for PhysicsWorld gravity and applyLinearImpulse()?

[AlexFelgo Team]

Hi again,

you can also set the triggeredOnStart property of the timer to true a bounce on start.

Regarding the units, you can find them in the documentation. The gravity is in m/s². applyLinearImpuls() takes a vector in world coordinates. The pixelsPerMeter property of the PhysicsWorld (inherited by the World class) defaults to 32. So 32 world pixels are 1 meter. Now taking the equation of a vertical throw we get the following:

y = v0*t – (g/2)*t²

assuming we have a gravity of 10, we get the following equation for reaching the origin (y=0) of our throw after t=1 second:

0 = v0*1 – (10/2)*1

v0 = -5 m/s –> multiply by pixelsPerMeter to get world coordinates –> v0 = -5 * 32 = -160 pixels/s

So this means our vector would be Qt.point(0, -160).

The problem you will face next is that Timers are not 100% accurate in terms of triggering at the exact millisecond and therefore the new bounce might get triggered a frame (which takes about 17ms with 60fps) too late, so the ball is slowly moving down after all. I’d recommend placing a sensor entity below the ball and bounce every time they collide. Use collisionTestingOnlyMode for this entity so it is not moved by any forces like gravity or collisions.

This would look like this:

import Felgo 3.0
import QtQuick 2.0

GameWindow {
    id: gameWindow
    activeScene: scene

    screenWidth: 960
    screenHeight: 640

    EntityManager {
        id: entityManager
        entityContainer: scene
    }

    Scene {
        id: scene

        width: 480
        height: 320

//        Timer {
//            id: timer
//            interval: 1000; repeat: true; running: false; triggeredOnStart: true
//            onTriggered: ball.bounce()
//        }

        Rectangle {
            id: background
            anchors.fill: parent
            color: "black"
        }

        StyledButton {
            id: startButtonn
            text: physicsWorld.running ? "Stop" : "Start"
            anchors {top: parent.top; right: parent.right}
            onClicked: physicsWorld.running = !physicsWorld.running
        }

        EntityBase {
            id: ball
            height: 10
            width: 10
            x: parent.width / 2
            y: parent.height / 2

            Rectangle {
                id: shape
                anchors.fill: parent
                color: "white"
                radius: 5
            }

            CircleCollider {
                id: collider
                radius:  shape.radius
                bodyType: Body.Dynamic
                anchors.centerIn: parent
            }

            function bounce() {
                console.debug("Bouncing");

                // reset linear velocity
                collider.body.linearVelocity = Qt.point(0,0);

                // create the impulse vector and apply it
                var localForwardVector = collider.body.toWorldVector(Qt.point(0, -160));
                collider.body.applyLinearImpulse(localForwardVector, collider.body.getWorldCenter());
            }
        }

        EntityBase {
          id: sensor
          width: 10
          height: 1
          x: parent.width / 2
          y: parent.height / 2 + ball.height

          BoxCollider {
            anchors.fill: parent
            collisionTestingOnlyMode: true
            fixture.onBeginContact: ball.bounce()
          }
        }

        PhysicsWorld {
            id: physicsWorld
            gravity.y: 10
            running: false
            onRunningChanged: {
                if (running)
                {
                    ball.bounce()
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Regards,
Alex